A new study, co-authored by Professor Zafar Fatmi from Aga Khan University, in collaboration with researchers from Fudan University China, has unveiled the devastating long-term effects of floods on infant mortality rates across 37 African countries. Published in the prestigious journal Nature Communications, the study found that flood exposure can increase the risk of infant death by up to 1.7 times, with effects lingering for years after the initial event.
The study drew on data from Demographic and Health Surveys and the Dartmouth Flood Observatory database between 1990-2020, to analyze the impact of floods on newborns, considering factors like exposure duration and timing.
Professor Fatmi emphasized the urgent need for proactive measures to address the escalating threat of floods, particularly in vulnerable African nations. "Flood event is a common occurrence in Pakistan however systematic investigation for its long-term impact is missing. The health of population is affected by floods through multiple pathways including water and agriculture disruption and impacting nutrition. The findings highlight the critical importance of investing in disaster preparedness, infrastructure resilience, and healthcare systems to protect the lives of infants and children," he said.
One of the study's key revelations is the prolonged impact f floods on infant mortality, which can persist for up to four years after the initial event. Between 2000 and 2020, floods were associated with a significant number of infant deaths in Africa. The study highlights the long-term consequences of floods, beyond immediate effects, including potential impacts on food security, economic stability, and overall child health.
The study offers a series of recommendations to address the challenges posed by floods. Strengthening disaster preparedness and response is crucial, with investments in early warning systems and emergency response plans to minimize flood-related casualties and damages. Community-based disaster preparedness programmes can play a key role in educating people about flood risks and mitigation strategies. Enhancing infrastructure resilience is another crucial step. Building resilient flood protection systems and prioritizing investment in drainage systems, water management, and urban planning can significantly reduce the impact of floods on communities.
In addition, improving access to healthcare and nutrition is essential particularly in flood-prone areas. Strengthened healthcare systems can provide timely medical care, while nutrition programmes can address potential malnutrition and undernutrition issues resulting from floods. The researchers also emphasize the importance of addressing the broader issue of climate change. Supporting global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and developing climate adaptation strategies are necessary to tackle the increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather events like floods.
Finally, continuing to collect and analyze data on flood impacts can inform evidence-based policies and interventions. Using data to identify vulnerable populations ensures that resources are allocated effectively and equitably.
The study's findings have far-reaching implications for policymakers, public health officials, and humanitarian organizations. By understanding the long-term health impacts of floods, it is possible to implement targeted interventions to mitigate the impact on vulnerable populations and build a more resilient future for Africa.
